Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, the largest nerve in the body. This nerve travels from the lower back through the hips and buttocks and down each leg.
Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve becomes irritated or compressed, most commonly due to conditions affecting the lumbar spine (lower back). The result is often pain that begins in the lower back and travels into the buttock and leg.
Sciatica is a symptom of an underlying spinal condition rather than a diagnosis itself.
Understanding the Sciatic Nerve
The sciatic nerve is formed by several nerve roots that exit the lower lumbar and sacral spine. These nerves combine to form the sciatic nerve, which travels through the pelvis and down the back of the leg.
When one or more of these nerve roots become compressed or inflamed, patients may experience symptoms commonly referred to as sciatica.
Symptoms of Sciatica
Symptoms typically affect one side of the body and may include:
- Pain that radiates from the lower back into the buttock and leg
- Burning or electric-like pain down the leg
- Numbness or tingling in the leg or foot
- Muscle weakness in the leg
- Pain that worsens when sitting, coughing, or sneezing
In many cases, leg pain is more severe than the lower back pain itself.
Causes of Sciatica
Several spinal conditions may compress the nerve roots that form the sciatic nerve, including:
- Herniated discs
- Spinal stenosis
- Degenerative disc disease
- Spondylolisthesis
- Bone spurs
These conditions can narrow the spaces where spinal nerves exit the spine, placing pressure on the nerve roots.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically begins with a physical examination and review of the patient’s medical history. Imaging studies such as MRI scans, CT scans, or X-rays may be used to identify the source of nerve compression.
Many patients improve with non-surgical treatment, which may include:
- Physical therapy
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Activity modification
- Targeted spinal injections
If symptoms persist or significant nerve compression is present, surgical treatment may be recommended to relieve pressure on the affected nerve.
When to Seek Evaluation
At Ocean Spine, Dr. Pranay Patel evaluates patients experiencing radiating leg pain and other symptoms related to nerve compression in the lower spine.
If you are experiencing persistent pain that travels from the lower back into the leg, an evaluation may help determine the underlying cause and guide appropriate treatment.