Sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction occurs when the sacroiliac joints, located at the base of the spine where the sacrum meets the pelvis, become inflamed or irritated.
These joints play an important role in transferring weight and forces between the upper body and the legs. When the SI joints do not move properly or become inflamed, patients may experience pain in the lower back, buttocks, or hips.
SI joint dysfunction is a common cause of lower back and buttock pain.
Understanding the Sacroiliac Joints
The sacroiliac joints connect the sacrum, the triangular bone at the bottom of the spine, to the pelvic bones (ilium).
These joints normally move very little but provide important stability and shock absorption during walking, standing, and lifting.
When these joints become inflamed or unstable, they may produce pain and discomfort in the lower back or pelvis.
Symptoms of SI Joint Dysfunction
Symptoms of sacroiliac joint dysfunction may include:
- Pain in the lower back or buttocks
- Pain that radiates into the hips or upper legs
- Pain that worsens when standing or walking
- Discomfort when climbing stairs or transitioning from sitting to standing
- Tenderness near the sacroiliac joints
Symptoms are often localized to one side of the lower back or pelvis.
Causes of SI Joint Dysfunction
Several factors may contribute to irritation of the sacroiliac joints, including:
- Degenerative arthritis
- Traumatic injury
- Pregnancy-related joint laxity
- Leg length differences
- Prior spinal fusion surgery
In some cases, altered biomechanics of the spine or pelvis may place additional stress on the SI joints.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically begins with a physical examination and review of the patient’s medical history. Imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans may be used to evaluate the spine and pelvis.
Diagnostic SI joint injections may also be used to confirm whether the sacroiliac joint is the source of pain.
Treatment options may include:
- Physical therapy
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Activity modification
- SI joint injections
These treatments help reduce inflammation and improve stability of the joint.
When to Seek Evaluation
At Ocean Spine, Dr. Pranay Patel evaluates patients with lower back and pelvic pain to determine whether the sacroiliac joint may be contributing to their symptoms.
If you are experiencing persistent lower back or buttock pain, an evaluation may help determine the cause and guide appropriate treatment.