Your spinal discs act as cushions between the bones of the spine (vertebrae). These discs help absorb shock, allow the spine to move, and keep the bones from rubbing against each other.
As we age, these discs gradually lose water content and flexibility. This process is known as degenerative disc disease. Despite the name, it is not actually a disease but rather a common age-related change in the spine. In some people, disc degeneration can lead to back pain or neck pain.
Understanding Your Spinal Discs
The spine is made up of 33 bones called vertebrae. Between most of these bones are intervertebral discs that provide cushioning and allow the spine to move smoothly.
Each spinal disc has two main parts:
Annulus Fibrosus
The annulus fibrosus is the tough outer ring of the disc. It helps contain the inner portion of the disc and provides stability to the spine.
Nucleus Pulposus
The nucleus pulposus is the soft, gel-like center of the disc. It acts as a shock absorber and helps distribute pressure when you move, bend, or lift.
Over time, discs can become less flexible, lose height, or develop small tears in the outer layer. These changes may contribute to pain or other spinal conditions.
Symptoms of Degenerative Disc Disease
Symptoms vary from person to person and may include:
- Chronic or intermittent back or neck pain
- Pain that worsens with sitting, bending, or lifting
- Pain that improves with walking or changing positions
- Pain that may radiate into the arms or legs if nearby nerves become irritated
Causes and Risk Factors
Degenerative disc disease most commonly occurs as part of the natural aging process. However, several factors may contribute to disc degeneration, including:
- Repetitive stress on the spine
- Previous spinal injuries
- Genetics
- Smoking
- Physically demanding activities
Treatment Options
Most patients with degenerative disc disease improve with conservative treatment. Treatment may include:
- Activity modification
- Physical therapy
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Targeted spinal injections
If symptoms persist despite non-surgical treatment, surgical options may be considered in certain cases.
At Ocean Spine, Dr. Pranay Patel evaluates each patient individually and develops a personalized treatment plan based on the patient’s symptoms, imaging findings, and overall health.